Utilidad de la puntuación de boey y portsmouth-possum fisiológico en pacientes con úlcera péptica perforada / Performance of boey score and physiologic portsmouth-possum in patients with perforated peptic ulcer

Introduction: Surgical scores such as Boey and physiologic Portsmouth-POSSUM have been independently applied to patients with perforated ulcer to stratify their surgical risk. However, there are no studies comparing both scores. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of Boey score and Portsmouth-POSSUM in patients with perforated peptic ulcer. Methods: A retrospective comparative study was performed including 108 consecutive patients older than 15-years submitted to emergency surgery from January 2002 to June 2012. Patients operated on for perforated gastric cancer were excluded. The primary outcome measure was to compare the performance of Portsmouth-POSSUM and Boey score. Secondary outcome measures were to determine cutoff points for Portsmouth-POSSUM, Boey score, C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cells (WBC) count, to predict patients at risk for complications. Results: The best cutoff point for CRP was 37.5 mg/l, and for WBC was 11.600 mm³ (OR 2.9 and 4.4). The best cutoff point for physiologic Portsmouth-POSSUM was 14, for surgical Portsmouth-POSSUM were 12, and for predictive Portsmouth-POSSUM was 0.8 percent. A time of perforation higher than 24 h had an OR of 35, and Boey score of 3 had an OR of 38.3. When Boey score was 2, with preoperative shock and time of perforation higher than 24 h being the positive variables, the OR was 194.3. Conclusions: Boey score performed better than Portsmouth-POSSUM, remaining a more specific score to stratify patients submitted to emergency surgery for perforated peptic ulcer.

Introducción: Puntuaciones pronósticas como la de Boey y el Portsmouth-POSSUM han sido utilizadas en pacientes con úlcera perforada para estratificar el riesgo quirúrgico. No existen estudios que comparen ambas puntuaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio es el de comparar el rendimiento de estas puntuaciones en pacientes con úlcera péptica perforada. Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio comparativo retrospectivo que incluyó 108 pacientes consecutivos mayores de 15 años sometidos a cirugía de urgencia entre enero de 2002 y junio de 2012. Se excluyeron pacientes operados por cáncer gástrico perforado. El objetivo principal fue comparar el rendimiento de la puntuación de Boey con Portsmouth-POSSUM. Los objetivos secundarios fueron determinar los puntos de corte para Portsmouth-POSSUM, puntuación de Boey, proteína C-reactiva (PCR) y recuento de leucocitos (RL) como factores predictivos de riesgo. Resultados: El mejor punto de corte para PCR fue 37,5 mg/l y para RL 11.600 mm³ (OR 2,9 y 4,4). El mejor punto de corte para Portsmouth-POSSUM fisiológico fue 14, para Portsmouth-POSSUM quirúrgico fue 12 y para Portsmouth-POSSUM predictivo fue 0,8 por ciento. Un tiempo de perforación mayor a 24 h tenía un OR de 35 y un puntaje de Boey de 3 tenía un OR de 38,3. Cuando el puntaje de Boey fue 2 con las variables choque preoperatorio y perforación mayor a 24 h, el OR fue 194,3. Conclusiones: La puntuación de Boey presentó mejor rendimiento que Portsmouth-POSSUM, representando una puntuación más específica para estratificar pacientes sometidos a cirugía de urgencia por úlcera perforada.

Análise epidemiológica e emprego do teste rápido da urease em pacientes com úlcera péptica perfurada / Epidemiological analysis and use of rapid urease test in patients with perforated peptic ulcers

OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com úlcera péptica gastroduodenal perfurada e verificar se a presença do H. pylori nas secreções peritoneais e intraluminais desses pacientes pode ser avaliada pelo teste rápido da urease. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo prospectivo, transversal, descritivo, com dados de pacientes atendidos em um hospital de abrangência regional, em portadores de úlcera péptica perfurada. Coletou-se, no transoperatório, amostras de líquido peritoneal (na proximidade da perfuração) e da secreção intraluminal, sendo encaminhadas para cultura e teste rápido de urease. RESULTADOS: Quatorze pacientes foram analisados. A média etária foi 41,06 anos, todos homens, brancos (71,4%), tabagistas (57,2%), IMC < 30 (85,7%), com história prévia de dispepsia (78,6%). Sorologia para H. pylori foi positiva em 84,6% dos casos. O teste rápido da urease foi positivo em 78,6% das amostras do tubo digestivo e em 42,8% das amostras da cavidade peritoneal; 41,6% foram positivos em ambos os locais, 50% somente na cavidade digestiva e 8,4% exclusivamente na cavidade peritoneal. Dos 11 pacientes com sorologia positiva para H. pylori 100% apresentaram positividade em pelo menos um dos sítios pesquisados. CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se que a incidência foi menor que a esperada. Há associação significativa entre a infecção pelo H. pylori e a ocorrência de perfuração. A presença deste patógeno pode ser avaliada tanto pela sorologia quanto pela realização do teste rápido da urease do fluido coletado na cavidade peritoneal e na luz gástrica/duodenal.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological profile of patients with gastroduodenal ulcer perforation and verify if the presence of H. pylori in the peritoneal and intraluminal secretions of these patients can be assessed by rapid urease test. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study with data from patients in a hospital at a regional level, in patients with peptic ulcer. During surgery, we collected peritoneal fluid samples (in the vicinity of the perforation) and intraluminal secretion, sending them for culture and rapid urease test. RESULTS: Fourteen patients were analyzed. The average age was 41.06 years, all men, Whites (71.4%), smokers (57.2%), BMI <30 (85.7%), with a history of dyspepsia (78.6%). Serology for H. pylori was positive in 84.6% of cases. The rapid urease test was positive in 78.6% of the samples of the digestive tract and 42.8% of samples from the peritoneal cavity; 41.6% were positive at both sites, 50% only in the digestive cavity and 8.4% only in the peritoneal cavity. Of the 11 patients with positive serology for H. pylori, 100% were positive in at least one of the sites surveyed. CONCLUSION: It was found that the incidence was lower than expected. There is significant association between infection with H. pylori and the occurrence of perforation. The presence of this pathogen can be assessed both by serology and by the realization of the rapid urease test from fluid collected in the peritoneal cavity and the gastric / duodenal lumen.

Laparoscopic management of duodenal ulcer perforation: is it advantageous?

BACKGROUND: Surgery is the mainstay of treatment of patients with peptic duodenal perforation. With the advent of minimal access techniques, laparoscopy is being used for the treatment of this condition. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 120 consecutive patients (mean age 44.5 years; 111 men) with duodenal ulcer perforation who had undergone laparoscopic surgery. RESULTS: 87 patients had history of tobacco consumption, 12 were chronic NSAID users, 72 had Helicobacter pylori infection and 36 had a co-morbid condition. The mean time to surgery from onset of symptoms was 28.4 hours. The median operating time was 46 minutes. All patients underwent laparoscopic closure of the perforation with Graham's patch omentopexy; 12 patients underwent additional definitive ulcer surgery. The morbidity rate was 7.5%; no patient needed conversion to open surgery or died. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.8 days. CONCLUSION: Results of laparoscopic management of perforated peptic ulcer are encouraging, with no conversion to open surgery, low morbidity and no mortality.

Reparación videolaparoscópica con parche de epiplón en pacientes con úlceras gastroduodenales perforadas: primera experiencia en el Hospital Universitario de Caracas / Laparoscopic repair with omental patch in patients with perforated gastroduodenal ulcers: first experience at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas

El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en aplicar por primera vez en nuestro hospital la técnica laparoscópica de reparación de úlcera gastroduodenal perforada con cierre primario y colocación de parche de epiplón mediante la confección de nudos intracorpóreos a 8 pacientes masculinos, con edades comprendidas entre los 28 y los 74 años, que consultaron a la emergencia del Hospital Universitario de Caracas, con cuadro clínico de abdomen agudo sugestivo de perforación gastroduodenal, en el período comprendido entre noviembre de 2003 y septiembre de 2004. La edad promedio fue 48 años. El tiempo de evolución clínica osciló entre 6 y 48 horas, con un promedio de 11,31 horas. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue 160 minutos. En promedio el dolor posoperatorio fue de 2/10 según EVA (escala visualanalógica para dolor). El promedio de hospitalización fue de 7,85 días. El reintegro a las actividades cotidianas fue en promedio de 13 días. No hubo necesidad de conversión a técnica abierta en ningún caso. Se presentaron complicaciones en 2 pacientes, uno de ellos por reapertura del cierre primario y otro quien presentó colección intrabdominal, ambos fueron reintervenidos de forma abierta, sin complicaciones ulteriores. No hubo mortalidad. La reparación videolaparoscópica constituye un método seguro y efectivo, con excelente resultado estético y menor dolor posoperatorio, por lo que se recomienda ampliamente para el tratamiento de emergencia de los cuadros de úlcera gastroduodenal perforada.

The objective of this work consist to apply for first time in our hospital the laparoscopic repair technique for perforated gastroduodenal ulcers with primary closure and ommental patch using intracorporeal knots. Eight male patients were consults to emergency room of Hospital Universitario de Caracas with ages between 28 and 74 years old, presents clinical syndrome of acute abdomen suggest of perforated gastroduodenal ulcer within period of 2003 November to 2004 September. The mean age was 48 years old. The clinical evolution time before surgery was oscillate between 6 and 48 hours with mean of 11.31 hours. Mean surgery time was 160 minutes. Postoperative pain was 2/10 according to VAS (visual-analog scale for pain). Mean hospitalization days was 7.85 days. Reintegration to daily activities was in mean 13 days. There was not need to conversion to open technique in any case. There were complications in two patients, one of them with reopened of repair site and the other with intrabdominal collection, both were operated in open way without posterior complications. No mortality was occurs. Laparoscopic repair method is secure and effective with excellent cosmetic results and less postoperative pain so we recommended for emergency treatment of perforated gastroduodenal ulcer.

Hemorragia digestiva alta por malformaciones vasculares / Vascular malformations as cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Hemos abordado 4 diferentes patologías vasculares de tubo digestivo superior que suelen presentarse con HDA, sus características clínico endoscópicas y un aporte respecto a la terapéutica con énfasis en el abordaje endoscópico.

Gastric perforation in neonates: Analysis of five cases

Neonatal gastric perforation has always been a mysterious entity regarding its cause. Although some have definite causes e.g. TOP causing severe dilatation of the stomach, iatrogenic secondary to the introduction of a hard nasogastric tube but the majority have no obvious reasons. Many theories have been advocated such as gastric ischemia or aerophagia due to excessive crying. The common feature in the five cases seen at Maadi Military hospital over a period of 5 years was marked abdominal distension causing dyspnea, fortunately, all of them survived. This good survival rate in our opinion was due to the good pre and postoperative care as well as the lack of sepsis oftenly encountered with gastric juice leakage

Current management of peptic ulcer perforations

Perforation is a life-threatening complication of peptic ulcer disease. Smoking and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are important risk factors for perforation. Diagnosis is made clinically and confirmed by the presence of pneumoperitoneum on radiographs. Nonoperative management is successful in patients identified to have a spontaneously sealed perforation proven by water-soluble contrast gastroduodenogram. Operative management consists of the time-honoured practice of omental patch closure, but now this can be done by laparoscopic methods. The practice of addition of acid-reducing procedures is currently being debated though it continues to be recommended in good-risk patients. Laparoscopic approaches to closure of duodenal perforation are now being applied widely and may become the gold standard in the future especially in patients with <10mm perforation size presenting within the first 24 hours of onset of pain. The role of Helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer perforation is controversial and more studies are needed to answer this question though recent indirect evidence suggests that eradicating H pylori may reduce the necessity for adding acid reducing procedures and the associated morbidity. Perforation is a life-threatening complication of peptic ulcer disease. The management of peptic ulcer disease has evolved over the decades, due to advances in operative techniques, bacteriology and pharmacology. While the recognition of the role of Helicobacter pylori [H. pylori] in peptic ulceration has resulted in a paradigm shift in the management of uncomplicated peptic ulcers, debate continues about the appropriate management of perforated duodenal bulb and prepyloric ulcers. A new dimension has been added to this controversy by the advent of laparoscopic techniques for closing the perforation. A medline search of all articles dealing with the management of peptic ulcer perforation published after 1985 was undertaken. The shortlisted articles were analysed and studies which were well designed and had important inferences were selected. Based on these inferences, the controversies surrounding the management of peptic ulcer perforation have been discussed in this review article

Validade da amilasemia e da lipasemia no diagnóstico diferencial entre pancreatite aguda/crônica agudizada e outras causas de dor abdominal aguda / Validity of serum amylase and lipase for the differential diagnosis between acute/acutized chronic pancreatitis and other causes of acute abdominal pain

RACIONAL: Várias doenças abdominais podem cursar com aumento de amilasemia e lipasemia. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a validade da amilasemia e lipasemia para os diagnósticos diferenciais entre pancreatite aguda/pancreatite crônica agudizada, doenças das vias biliares, úlcera gastroduodenal perfurada e apendicite aguda. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados, prospectivamente, 38 pacientes com pancreatite aguda/pancreatite crônica agudizada, 35 com doenças das vias biliares, 17 com úlcera gastroduodenal perfurada e 44 com apendicite aguda, com idade média (desvio padrão) de 42,4 ± 17,7, 46,7 ± 18,3, 47,8 ± 12 e 33,7 ± 17,8 anos, respectivamente. A amilasemia e a lipasemia foram determinadas à admissão no pronto-socorro. RESULTADOS: Para o diagnóstico de pancreatite aguda/pancreatite crônica agudizada, quando o nível de corte da amilasemia variou entre o limite superior de referência e 5 vezes este limite, a sensibilidade diminuiu de 92 por cento para 74 por cento, a especificidade aumentou de 85 por cento para 99 por cento, o valor preditivo positivo aumentou de 71 por cento para 97 por cento e o valor preditivo negativo diminuiu de 96 por cento para 91 por cento. Para a lipasemia valores semelhantes foram obtidos para sensibilidade e valor preditivo negativo, mas a especificidade e o valor preditivo positivo foram mais baixos. Quando se considerou amilasemia ou lipasemia elevadas, houve pequeno aumento na sensibilidade e no valor preditivo negativo. CONCLUSÕES: Para o diagnóstico de pancreatite aguda/pancreatite crônica agudizada, 1) o melhor nível de corte para ambos os testes foi o de duas vezes o limite superior de referência; 2) as sensibilidades da amilasemia e da lipasemia foram semelhantes; 3) a especificidade e o valor preditivo positivo da amilasemia foram ligeiramente maiores do que as da lipasemia; 4) a sensibilidade, mas não a especificidade, aumentou quando pelo menos uma das enzimas estava elevada.

Avaliação de úlceras cloridro-pépticas gastroduodenais perfuradas em pacientes atendidos no serviço de urgência de um hospital universitário / Evaluation of chloridro-peptic gastroduodenal perforated ulcers in patients treated at the emergency department of university hospital

Objetivo: Analisar a incidência dos aspectos epidemiológicos dos pacientes com diagnóstico de úlcera cloridro-péptica gastroduodenal perfurada (UCPGDP), atendidos no serviço de urgência do Hospital de Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, no Período de 1989 a 2000, divididos em quatro triênios Método: estudo epidemiológico, retrospectivo, realizado em hospital universitário, público, com capacidade de 480 leitos, de nível terciário, com serviço de atendimento de urgência, por meio da análise de 354 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de úlcera pépfica gastroduodenal perfurada, submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico de urgência. Foram avaliados sexo, idade, cor, procedência, local da perfuração, exames laboratoriais, exames de imagem (radiológico do tórax ou abdome, endoscopia digestiva alta, ultra-sonografia de abdome), exames microbiológicos, tipo de cirurgia realizada, tempo de internação, complicações gerais e especificas e a evolução do paciente. Resultados: observou-se aumento na incidência da úlcera cloridro-péptica gastroduodenal perfurada do primeiro triênio (58 pacientes) para o segundo triênio (104 pacientes), permanecendo constante nos demais, 97 pacientes para o terceiro triênio e 95 pacientes para o quarto triênio. O exame radiológico do tórax ou abdome foi o exame complementar de escolha para o diagnóstico do pneumoperitônio, algumas vezes auxiliado pelo leucograma para avaliar o grau de infecção e amilasemia para afastar a possibilidade de pancreatite aguda. O local mais freqüente de perfuração das úlceras foi a região pilórica (justa pilórica e pilórica, com 64,9%), sendo a ulcerorrafia o procedimento cirúrgico mais realizado (91,8%). A bacterioscopia foi realizada em amostras de líquidos peritoniais de 222 (62,7%) pacientes, sendo negativa em 145(65,3%) delas. Nos casos positivos (77 bacterioscopias), os patógenos mais encontrados foram os cocos Oram positivos(74/42,3%), seguidos pelos bastonetes Gram negativos(68/38,9%) e leveduras...

According to the literature, the incidence of chloridropeptic gastroduodenal perforated ulcer (CPGDPU) has been decreasing. The incidence and the epidemiological aspects of CPCDPIJ o patients treated at the Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, from 1989 to 2000, was surveyed. The occurrence of CPGDPU in 354 patients was analyzed. An increase in the incidence of CPGDPU was observed from the first to the second triennia, becorning stabilized in the following periods. The thoracic or abdominal X-ray is still the preferred complementary exam for diagnosis of CPGDPU. Leukogram and amylasemia are complemmentary exams. The most com mon area of incidence of perforated ulcers was the pyloric region. The ulceroraphy was the most common surgical procedure. The lethality factor was 8,71%, showing a prevalence in elderly people.

Peptic duodenal perforation-an audit

This study was carried out from November 1996 to August 1998 in the Surgery Department of Sandeman Provincial Teaching Hospital, Quetta, on a total of 40 patients hospitalized with peptic duodenal perforation. The major- of the patients [92.5%] was below 50 years of age with peak incidence in the third decade of life [32.5%]. The mean standard deviation of patients' age was 31.4 ' 13.3 years and male to female ratio was 12.3:1. The incidence among males was 9 per 1000 patients and in female 1 per 1000 patients. The overall incidence was 7 per 1000 patients. The majority of the patients [82.5%] came within 48 hours. The median duration of perforation was 40 hours. In all the patients there was a single perforation at the first part of duodenum on anterior surface. The median size was 4.5 mm. Simple closure with viable omental patch repair was performed in all the cases. Patients with longer duration of perforation had increase morbidity to wound and respiratory tract infections [P<0.001 by Chi sq test]. Most of the patient remain admitted for less than 10 days. Their median hospital stay was 14.5 days with minimum stay of 6 days and maximum stay of 32 days. The overall mortality was [7.5%] attributed to old age, leakage from repair site and associated medical illnesses. The duration of perforation had no effect on mortality in this study

Double pylorus.

We report a 55-year-old man presenting with postprandial epigastric pain and vomiting. Barium meal study suggested two openings from the stomach to the duodenum. Endoscopy revealed double pylorus with chronic duodenal ulcer, suggesting the second opening as an acquired one.

Role of histamine-2 receptor antagonists after simple closure of perforated duodenal ulcer--a double blind randomised, controlled study.

INTRODUCTION: Definitive surgery at the time of primary laparotomy for perforated duodenal ulcer is often deferred because of its increased morbidity. However simple closure alone is associated with a high rate of recurrence. In view of this H2 blockers have been administered along with simple closure to promote ulcer healing. Only 4 series have been published so far, all lacking either a control group or endoscopic follow up. The results are contradictory. AIMS: This study was done to assess the effect of administration of H2 blockers after simple closure on ulcer healing in a randomised, controlled, double blind fashion. METHODS: One hundred patients were entered in the study. Fifty patients randomly selected either received ranitidine or a placebo after simple closure. Follow up endoscopy was done at 1, 2 and 6 months. If persistence of ulcer was seen at 4 weeks, patients on placebo were converted to ranitidine and those on ranitidine were continued on the drug. RESULTS: Endoscopically assessed rate of persistent or recurrent ulcer at 4 weeks was 39% in the ranitidine group and 29% in the placebo group. At 6 months the corresponding figures were 33% and 30% respectively. The differences between the two groups were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Ranitidine, therefore, does not appear to promote healing of a perforated duodenal ulcer after simple closure.

Perfuraçäo aguda de úlcera péptica / Acute perforation of peptic ulcer

A perfuraçäo é complicaçäo grave da úlcera péptica e continua freqüente, apesar dos avanços na terapêutica medicamentosa da doença péptica näo complicada. O quadro clínico, geralmente, é bem característico, com presença de peritonite e abdome em "tábua" e de pneumoperitônio. A estratificaçäo dos pacientes, baseada em critérios clínicos bem definidos, é importante para a seleçäo do tipo de tratamento. Os autores enfatizam a preferência pela cirurgia definitiva, visando a cura da doença péptica, sobre o fechamento da úlcera perfurada, desde que näo traga risco apreciável

Ulcera gastroduodenal perforada: procedimiento video-endoscópico / Perforated gastroduodenal ulcer: videolaparoscopic technique

El resultado del tratamiento de la úlcera gastroduodenal perforada mediante la aplicación del procedimiento videoendoscópico en 11 casos, fue sorprendentemente satisfactorio. El diagnóstico preoperatorio fue claro en 9 pacientes; en los dos restantes fue presuntivo de apendicitis aguda y colecistitis aguda. Se aplicó la técnica laparoscópica realizándose diagnóstico de úlcera perforada en cavidad libre en 10 casos y úlcera perforada y bloqueada en 1 paciente. En esta serie 10 pacientes presentaron úlcera duodenal perforada; el restante se trataba de una úlcera gástrica perforada. Todos presentaban peritonitis difusa generalizada. El tratamiento fue cierre simple con epiploplastia y lavado exhaustivo de toda la cavidad, drenándose la cavidad peritoneal en ocho de los once pacientes; no se colocaron puntos de sutura en la úlcera bloqueada. Todos los pacientes recibieron una asociación de cefalosporinas y aminoglucósidos, aspiración con SNG y la administración de bloqueantes H2. Todos los pacientes fueron operados sin conversiones y sin morbilidad ni mortalidad, que demostró ser válida la aplicación del procedimiento video-endoscópico en la úlcera gastroduodenal perforada

Ulcera péptica e tratamento cirúrgico: indicaçöes / Peptic ulcer and surgical treatment: indications

Atualmente a grande maioria das úlceras pépticas sao tratadas com sucesso através de tratamento clínico. Entretanto, existem situaçoes em que o tratamento cirúrgico torna-se necessário e indicado. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo revisar as indicaçoes de tratamento cirúrgico para as úlceras pépticas, abrangendo suas principais manifestaçoes clínicas, investigaçoes diagnósticas e procedimentos cirúrgicos preferenciais.

Ulcera péptica perfurada / Perforated peptic ulcer

Os autores apresentam 103 casos de úlcera péptica perfurada em peritônio livre observado no Pronto-socorro do Hospital do Andaraí, no Rio de Janeiro todos submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. A idade de tais pacientes variou de 17 a 84 anos (média 39,5), sendo que a maior incidência ocorreu entre 21 e 50 anos (74,7 por cento). Desses pacientes 81,2 por cento eram do sexo masculino e 67,9 por cento brancos. Em 67,3 por cento dos casos havia diagnóstico prévio ou queixas sugestivas de úlcera péptica contra 32,6 por cento, cuja queixa de única era a atual. Isto é, a dor abdominal súbita, que se agravou e se generalizou. Houve um óbito (0,9 por cento) no pós-operatório imediato - um homem de 50 anos, sem queixas prévias digestivas, compatíveis com úlcera péptica. Foi feito pequeno histórico da evoluçäo do tratamento cirúrgico da úlcera péptica perfurada até os nossos dias